{"id":364,"date":"2012-04-10T14:40:45","date_gmt":"2012-04-10T13:40:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/?p=364"},"modified":"2023-09-20T13:32:07","modified_gmt":"2023-09-20T12:32:07","slug":"ext3-ext4-butterfs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/ext3-ext4-butterfs\/","title":{"rendered":"La gestion des syst\u00e8mes de fichiers sous Linux &#8211; EXT3 &#8211; EXT4 &#8211; BUTRFS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-top-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364?print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"image_pdf\" title=\"Afficher le PDF\" \/><span class=\"pdfprnt-button-title pdfprnt-button-pdf-title\">Enregistrer en PDF<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364?print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/div><p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>I\u25ba Nous allons voir dans cet article les diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9volutions du principal\u00a0Syst\u00e8me\u00a0de Fichier linux : EXTended<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Rappel : les unit\u00e9s de disque dur ou cl\u00e9 USB sont d\u00e9sormais identifi\u00e9s par leur UUID (Universal Unique IDentifier) exemple : \/etc\/fstab<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\">blkid<\/strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\"> donne la liste de toutes les unit\u00e9s et leur association aux devices \/dev<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\">du<\/strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\"> affiche la quantit\u00e9 d&#8217;espace occup\u00e9e par un <strong>fichier (r\u00e9pertoire)<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><strong style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">du -hs \/home (Summarize)<br \/>\ndu -h \/etc\/login.defs<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\">df<\/strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\"> donne l&#8217;utilisation en % et en taille du file system<br \/>\nex :<\/span><strong style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> df -h \u00a0ou df -h \/dev\/sdb1<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>dumpe2fs<\/strong> donne des infos sur le FS :<\/span><\/span><strong style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> dumpe2fs \/dev\/sda1 | more<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Ext3,<\/span><\/strong> le FS par d\u00e9faut depuis le d\u00e9but 2000 commence \u00e0 montrer ses limites face aux gros volumes d&#8217;informations que l&#8217;on \u00e0 stocker.<br \/>\n<span style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\">La taille maximum du syst\u00e8me de fichiers de <strong>16 To<\/strong> fix\u00e9e par un <strong>nombre de blocs cod\u00e9 sur 32<\/strong> <strong>bits<\/strong>\u00a0 (soit 2<sup>32<\/sup> = 4 294 967 296 BLOCS &#8211; 4To de blocs \u00a0) et des blocs de donn\u00e9es de <strong>4KB (soit\u00a0<\/strong>. 4To * 4 = <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">16 To<\/span><\/strong>)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">?\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #333333;\">La taille maxi d&#8217;un fichier peut atteindre<span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong> 64 Go\u00a0!<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Avec Ext4, le nombre de blocs est pass\u00e9\u00a0de 32 \u00e0 48 bits (soit 2<sup>48<\/sup> blocs ). La taille du bloc reste inchang\u00e9e (4Ko), mais par contre la limite du FS passe \u00e0 <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>1024 Po<\/strong><\/span> soit 1024 000 To.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">?\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">La taille maxi d&#8217;un fichier peut atteindre<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> 16To !<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\">Voyons comment EXT3 stocke les informations des fichiers :<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Un inode ext3 contient les num\u00e9ros d&#8217;un maximum de <strong>12<\/strong> blocs de 4 KB.<br \/>\nSi un fichier est plus grand que 48 KB il est alors adress\u00e9 en utilisant un adressage indirect <strong>simple<\/strong> (jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 4 MB),puis <strong>double<\/strong> (jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 4 GB) et enfin <strong>triple <\/strong>(jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 64 GB).<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Un Inode EXT3<\/span><\/strong> stocke les infos du fichier concern\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 14px;\">type de fichier<\/span><\/li>\n<li>droits<\/li>\n<li>User<\/li>\n<li>Taille<\/li>\n<li>Access Time<\/li>\n<li>Groups<\/li>\n<li>12 blocs direct pointant vers des blocs de 4Ko max<\/li>\n<li>1 bloc d&#8217;indirection simple pointant vers 256 blocs de de donn\u00e9es<\/li>\n<li>1 bloc d&#8217;indirection double pointant vers 256<sup>2<\/sup> blocs de donn\u00e9es<\/li>\n<li>1 bloc d&#8217;indirection triple pointant vers 256<sup>3<\/sup> blocs de donn\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">L&#8217;innovation d&#8217;ext4<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>est l&#8217;utilisation\u00a0<span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>d&#8217;extents\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>au lieu de l&#8217;adressage de blocs indirect avec FSEXT3.\u00a0Un <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">EXTENT repr\u00e9sentant un groupe de blocs de donn\u00e9es<\/span> <\/strong>(cod\u00e9 sur 12 octets = <strong>96<\/strong> Bits) est compos\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>48<\/strong> bits (6 octets) : stocke le num\u00e9ro du premier bloc physique, num\u00e9ro de<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"> d\u00e9but de l&#8217;extent<\/span>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>16<\/strong> bits (2 octets) : stocke la <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">taille<\/span> de l&#8217;extent dont la taille maxi est <strong>128 Mo<\/strong>.<br \/>\nTout comme ext3, ext4 d\u00e9coupe le disque dur en groupes de blocs de 128 Mo ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>32<\/strong> bits (4 octets) : stocke le <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">num\u00e9ro du premier bloc de <strong>donn\u00e9es logique <\/strong><span style=\"color: #333333;\">correspondant \u00e0 un offset (d\u00e9calage) par rapport au d\u00e9but du 1<sup>er<\/sup> bloc d&#8217;adresse physique, qui contient les headers et les m\u00e9ta-donn\u00e9es sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 l&#8217;extent<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Un fichier peu avoir \u00e9videmment plusieurs EXTENTS.<\/p>\n<p>Il n&#8217;y a pas de fragmentation avec EXT4 (ou peu en comparaison de EXT3) , les modifications, les acc\u00e8s et les suppressions sont rapides &#8230; \ud83d\ude42 tr\u00e8s rapides<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">BUTTERFS (BTRFS)<\/span> <\/strong>est par contre totalement diff\u00e9rent de EXT et n&#8217;est pas dans l&#8217;\u00e9volution de EXT . Voici un bref descriptif du meilleur de tous les FS r\u00e9uni en un FS !<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>La capacit\u00e9 maximale du FS est port\u00e9 \u00e0 2<sup>^<\/sup>64 octets soit 16 Eo (ExaOctet = 1000 Po)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\">Le FS est capable de g\u00e9rer les snapshots (instantan\u00e9s) \u00a0en lecture seule ou en lecture-\u00e9criture\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Le FS est capable de g\u00e9rer des sous-volumes :<br \/>\nUn sous volume peut g\u00e9rer directement un r\u00e9pertoire comme \/home ou \/var comme s&#8217;il \u00e9tait physiquement une partition.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\">Le FS peut \u00eatre compress\u00e9 (gzip \/ LZO)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1811\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"729\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr1.png 729w, https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr1-300x152.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1812\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"757\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr2.png 757w, https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr2-300x209.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 757px) 100vw, 757px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1813\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"744\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr3.png 744w, https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr3-300x175.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1814\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"733\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr4.png 733w, https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr4-300x208.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1815\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"616\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr5.png 616w, https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr5-300x184.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 616px) 100vw, 616px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1816\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"695\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr6.png 695w, https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/btr6-300x197.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 695px) 100vw, 695px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Comment partitionner et formater un disque ?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">fdisk \/dev\/sda<\/span><\/strong> =&gt;\u00a0d\u00e9coupe le disque en plusieurs partitions ! =&gt; Partitionne ! (<strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">cfdisk<\/span><\/strong>)<\/p>\n<p>Si le noyau ne peut lire la table des partitions : <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">kpartx \/dev\/sda ou modprobe \/dev\/sda ou blockdev &#8211;rereadpt \/dev\/sda<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">MKFS.EXTx<\/span><\/strong> permet de formater une partition et de lui associer un FS pr\u00e9cis :<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 -i 1024 -m 1 -L MonDisque \/dev\/sda1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Taille du bloc de donn\u00e9es 4Ko (valeur par d\u00e9faut)<br \/>\nRatio du nombre d&#8217;inodes(fichiers) par rapport au nombre de blocs de donn\u00e9es 1Ko (valeur par d\u00e9faut) =&gt; Il y aura 4 fois plus de blocs de donn\u00e9es que d&#8217;inodes (- de fichiers + de datas)<br \/>\n% de blocs r\u00e9serv\u00e9s \u00e0 root<br \/>\nLabel de la partition<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">tune2fs -i 10 \/dev\/sda1<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\nModifie le file system check \u00e0 10 jours<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>Comment g\u00e9rer les quotas d&#8217;un File System ?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p>Le file System doit avant tout \u00eatre mont\u00e9 avec les droits USRQUOTA et\/ou GRPQUOTA<br \/>\nSoit on \u00e9dite le \/etc\/fstab et on modifie directement l&#8217;entr\u00e9e concern\u00e9 \/home<br \/>\nSoit on peut remonter \u00e0 chaud le FS : mount -text4 -o defaults, usrquota, grpquota, remount \/dev\/sda1 \/home\/<\/p>\n<p>=&gt; La commande<strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"> edquota -t<\/span><\/strong> modifie le sursis en jours pour tout le FS concern\u00e9 et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 mont\u00e9 avec les droits quota, en sp\u00e9cifiant le sursis pour les blocks et les inodes :<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-836\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture.jpg\" alt=\"Capture\" width=\"840\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture.jpg 840w, https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture-300x85.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture-624x178.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>=&gt; La commande <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">edquota -u NomDuUser<\/span><\/strong> permet de modifier directement les limites souples et strictes d&#8217;un user :<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-837\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture1.jpg\" alt=\"Capture\" width=\"938\" height=\"185\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture1.jpg 938w, https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture1-300x59.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture1-624x123.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 938px) 100vw, 938px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ici l&#8217;utilisateur a actuellement 24 blocs utilis\u00e9s( on ne peut pas modifier cette entr\u00e9e), par contre on lui a indiqu\u00e9 une limite souple \u00e0 1000 Mo soit 1Go et une limite stricte \u00e0 1,2 Go.<\/p>\n<p>=&gt; La commande <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">repquota \/home<\/span><\/strong> permet de voir pout chaque utilisateur le nombre de blocs occup\u00e9s et leurs limites souples et strictes<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-839\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mb-creation-web.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture2.jpg\" alt=\"Capture\" width=\"805\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture2.jpg 805w, https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture2-300x119.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Capture2-624x248.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 805px) 100vw, 805px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0Michel BOCCIOLESI<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I\u25ba Nous allons voir dans cet article les diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9volutions du principal\u00a0Syst\u00e8me\u00a0de Fichier linux : EXTended Rappel : les unit\u00e9s de disque dur ou cl\u00e9 USB sont d\u00e9sormais &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1541,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,34,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux","category-linux-admin","category-tutoriels"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La gestion des syst\u00e8mes de fichiers sous Linux - EXT3 - EXT4 - BUTRFS - Tutoriels et Cours<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/ext3-ext4-butterfs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La 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