{"id":547,"date":"2022-06-15T13:01:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-15T12:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/?p=547"},"modified":"2024-10-11T10:22:56","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T09:22:56","slug":"commandes-cool-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/commandes-cool-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Trucs et Astuces Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"image_pdf\"Enregistrer en PDF<\/span><\/a><\/a><\/div>

I\u25baVoici quelque commandes, trucs et astuces utiles sous Linux :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25ba\u00a0Lister une arborescence rapidement sous linux :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

tree
\napt-get install tree | yum install tree<\/p>\n

\u25ba\u00a0Installer HTOP sous RH\/CENTOS :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25baOuvrir un nouveau terminal sous Ubuntu :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

CTRL + ALT + t<\/p>\n

Passer le clavier Azerty \u25c4\u25baQuerty :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

setxkbmap us setxkbmap fr<\/p>\n

?\u00a0Filtrer les lignes de commentaires et les lignes vides dans un fichier de congiguration<\/span><\/strong>
\negrep -v ‘(;|#|^[ \u00a0]*$)’ \/etc\/samba\/smb.conf > \/etc\/samba\/smb2.conf [ \u00a0 ] repr\u00e9sente un espace une tab ou du blanc en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral
\ne= expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re \u00a0| v = reverse | ^ = comence par | $= finit par
\n#cr\u00e9e un fichier sans les commentaires et sans les lignes vides : sympa pour ne garder\u00a0que la conf<\/p>\n

Commandes sympas :<\/span><\/strong>
\ncut -d: -f1 \/etc\/passwd | grep tux ; test $? -ne 0 && echo “user inconnu” || echo “user connu”
\ngrep \/bin\/bash \/etc\/passwd | tac | cat -n
\ncd \/var\/log (RH : secure log d’authentification)
\ncat secure | egrep ‘michel|su’
\ngrep -E ‘bash|csh’ \/etc\/passwd | wc -l
\ngrep *log* ls \/var<\/p>\n

? \u00a0N’enchainer des commandes que ssi elles ne retournent pas d’erreur<\/span><\/strong>
\n.\/configure –prefix=\/opt\/ && make && make install
\n#enchainement de commandes de compilation<\/p>\n

? \u00a0Trouver la correspondance des UUID des unit\u00e9s de disques<\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/strong>Les unit\u00e9s de disque dur ou cl\u00e9 USB sont d\u00e9sormais identifi\u00e9s par leur UUID (Universal Unique IDentifier) exemple : \/etc\/fstab
\nblkid<\/strong>\u00a0donne la liste de toutes les unit\u00e9s et leur association aux devices \/dev<\/p>\n

? \u00a0Tester le code erreur de retour de commande<\/strong><\/span>
\necho $? (\u00e9gal \u00e0 0 pas\u00a0d\u2019erreur)<\/p>\n

?\u00a0Pour\u00a0emp\u00eacher\u00a0le montage automatique des p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques USB sur le\u00a0bureau\u00a0:<\/strong><\/span>
\nchmod 000 \/media\/<\/p>\n

?\u00a0Pour d\u00e9marrer l’environnement graphique en Root (pas\u00a0conseill\u00e9\u00a0pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9)<\/span><\/strong>
\nen mode tty2\u00a0par exemple<\/span>(CTRL+ALT+F2) : startx<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

?\u00a0Retrouver facilement une commande dans son\u00a0historique\u00a0 :<\/strong><\/span>
\nCTRL+R<\/strong> \u00a0modifie l’invite de commande en mode “recherche r\u00e9cursive” :
\nLes caract\u00e8res saisis au clavier font appara\u00eetre les commandes saisies contenant ces caract\u00e8res.
\nUtilisez les fl\u00e8ches de d\u00e9placement pour d\u00e9sactiver le mode et modifier\/adapter la ligne de commande.<\/p>\n

? Conna\u00eetre la version du BIOS :<\/strong><\/span>
\ndd if=\/dev\/mem bs=32k \u00a0skip=31 count=1 | strings -n8 | grep -i bios
\ndd convertit et copie un fichier lu en entr\u00e9e avec if | bs est le nombre d’octets lu en 1 fois | skip pour ignorer ces blocs | count pour copier le nombre de blocs
\nstrings \u00e9crit les chaines de caract\u00e8re en humain !<\/p>\n

? Conna\u00eetre la r\u00e9solution max de son \u00e9cran \u00a0:<\/strong><\/span>
\nxrandr -q | grep -w Screen<\/p>\n

? Conna\u00eetre absolument tout sur son hardware \u00a0:<\/strong><\/span>
\nlshw !!<\/p>\n

? Raccourcis\u00a0clavier en invite de commande :<\/strong><\/span>
\nCTRL+L = efface l’\u00e9cran de la console (equivalent de la commande clear)
\nCTRL+U : efface toute la ligne de l’invite de commande
\nCTRL+C : envoie un signal d’interruption et stoppe la commande en cours<\/p>\n

?\u00a0Contr\u00f4ler\u00a0les processus :<\/span><\/strong>
\nhtop mieux que top<\/p>\n

?<\/span>\u00a0D\u00e9sactiver\u00a0l\u2019auto-montage\u00a0des cl\u00e9s ou supports USB<\/span>\u00a0sous Gnome :<\/span><\/strong>
\nInstaller gconf-editor<\/strong>
\nPuis application ?\u00a0<\/strong>Outils syst\u00e8me ?<\/strong>\u00a0Editeur de configuration
\nEt apps ?\u00a0<\/strong>Nautilus ?<\/strong>\u00a0Pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences ?<\/strong>\u00a0d\u00e9cocher media-automount<\/strong> etc …
\nCela va cr\u00e9er un fichier de conf dan le profil cach\u00e9 de l’utilisateur :<\/p>\n

\"Capture-tux@michel_-home-tux-.gconf-apps-nautilus-preferences\"<\/a><\/p>\n

?\u00a0Lancer diff\u00e9rentes commandes au d\u00e9marrage de Linux :<\/strong><\/span>
\nSous Debian : \/etc\/init.d\/bootmisc.sh
\nSous Ubuntu : \/etc\/rc.local<\/p>\n

?\u00a0Pourquoi le fichier \/proc\/kcore est-il si volumineux ?<\/span>
\n<\/strong>Le fichier \/proc\/kcore indique le montant maximum de m\u00e9moire que le syst\u00e8me peut allouer. En aucun cas il indique la taille d’un fichier du disque physique, puisqu’il se trouve dans le pseudo file system \/proc …<\/p>\n

Sur une architecture \u00a064 bits, il indique en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral 128 T\u00e9raOctets puisque c’est le montant maximal de m\u00e9moire que peut allouer une telle architecture.<\/p>\n

?\u00a0Comment \u00e9x\u00e9cuter une commande lorsqu’on est en train d’utiliser VI \u00a0?<\/span>
\n<\/strong>Utile par exemple lorsqu’on a une connexion remote avec une seule fen\u00eatre : CTRL + Z stoppe le processus VI et le place en tache de fond …
\nIl suffira de faire fg pour le ramener au 1er plan et continuez ..<\/p>\n

?\u00a0Comment partager un terminal d’une m\u00eame machine ou \u00e0 distance ?<\/strong><\/span>
\nIl suffit de lancer screen<\/strong> sur 1 premier terminal puis sur 1 autre screen -x<\/strong>
\nId\u00e9al pour prendre la main \u00e0 distance sur une machine distante, ouvrir un terminal et pouvoir voir les commandes saisies par l’autre utilisateur …<\/p>\n

Michel BOCCIOLESI<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I\u25baVoici quelque commandes, trucs et astuces utiles sous Linux : \u25ba\u00a0Lister une arborescence rapidement sous linux : tree apt-get install tree | yum install tree \u25ba\u00a0Installer HTOP sous …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1534,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,34,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux","category-linux-admin","category-tutoriels"],"yoast_head":"\nTrucs et Astuces Linux - Tutoriels et Cours<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bocciolesi.fr\/tutoriels-et-cours\/commandes-cool-linux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Trucs et Astuces Linux - 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